Compressor for internal-combustion engines.



H. W. ADAMS.

- I COMPRESSOR FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11.1905.

. WITNESSES: ll/VEIVTOH fc zzrg lifyldara a ATTORNE PATBNTED MAR. 3, 1908.

I UNI-[TED s Arns PriTENT OFFICE HARRY ,WA LTER ADAMS, OF FARGO, NORTH DAKOTA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO PHILIP XV. FAR-NHAM, OF ARGO, NORTH DAKOTA.

COMPRESSOR FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTTON'ENGHVES.

No.881l040.

Patented March 3, 1908.

Application filed .v i 'ir'lecs. Serial No. 269,154.

To all whom it may concenn:

Be' it known that I, =IIARRY WALTEn ADAMS, a'citizen of the United States, ands resident of Fargo, in the county of Cass and State "of l\'orth Dakota, have invented a new and Improved Com ressor for Internal-Conibustio'n Engines, 0 which the, following is a ull,clear, and exact description. I This invention relates 'to a compressor, and more particularly to means for. controlling the inlet Valve according. to the pres-1 surecreatedin the delivery pipe from the com're'ssor. f y im roved construction is particularly applicab e to two-cycle internal-combustion engines, and in the accompanyingdrawings' I have illustrated'an engine providedwith' a difierentielpiston having a'valve controlled port therein and o crating witha differential cylinder endclose crank chamber-in such a manner that at the end of=theex ansionor Working stroke the saidpistori-fv ve will be opened, and the compressed air in the crank case 'admitted to the working cylinder to scavenge the same, and sov that upon theinstroke of the piston the air in the crank ca'se will be rarefied and upon opening the piston valve. by rneans. proyidedE-for this purpose atmospheric pressure will-force into the crank case such products of combustion as may still reside in thewoi'king cylinder of the engine. Simultaneously with these operate ions, the larger diameter of the differential piston serves in connection Wltll' certain peculiar deyicos to commessa'body of- 81f which is led to the. admission port of the. working cylinder, and during the in-str0ke, after the piston value is closed, the valve controlling the admission portis opened and the whole or :i.]')3.1t of this compressed air mixed with the fuel is'cntered into the worl'r ing cylinder, the charge being compressed during the letter portion of tlie'in-strol'ie of the piston and ignited" burned in the usus manner. i

Th construction oftheengine of which my improved, compressor forms a part, is described and cieinied in' my co- 'iending application No. 344,393, filed November 21; 1906 while the piston valve and its erating mechanism is described and ammo I in my co p'ending application No. 344, 394Qfi1ed November 21, 1906.

The "inventionresides in certain special Reference is had to thelaccoihnanying drawings which illustrate as an example the preferred; embodiment-'- of my: invention, in.

which drawings" 1 Figurel is a'vertical section of- .the engine and fig. 2 is" e diegam ilhistrating the cycle of operations andth'e Approximate relative pressures in the working cylinders:"--

. R fening to Fig. 1", 1 0 indie ates the worldng if cylinder; -I 1 the enlarged "extension thereo formin g't indiczitstlie 'lhsedficr ank GaSflOI'E chamber. 14 indicatesj'thef working piston"; and"1j5 the compressor'pistonfwhichpisfi nsa'ie formed as o'nef'hsithe Arming sh'owsi The piston-is' he ornpressor .cylin"d er and 12 connected rod- 16 i ithfithe crankxlisks I 17 of the sh'eft' 18L" Thework-ing piston 14 has c eep 19.:boltedftheretoyfimd this cap is for'rned with 2; tubu'lar stern guide 20 which project throi'igh 'an opening" in the piston towardthe fcr zink" ceSQ Saidfiguide has openings 2 1 'therfein, placing it irrcon mnnica- .tion'iwlththeferank'cnsel The upper-end of the guide 20-'i s".op e n end is commandedby a valv-e 22 which opens into the working cylin der. The stem 23 of this valve passes'through g the guide-20, indlha's ainut24 "on its lower end ,engaged'hy'n spring 25 which bears between-the nut gindth'e lowerend of the guide 20 so as yieldingly to seat the valve 22.

Fitted loosely in. and eif'rten'ding longitudinally- Lhrough,tlie.Connect ng rod 1'3 is e valve operating, rod 26 lin'sv'ir rgv a button 27 on its upper end; which engages the nut 24. The lower end of the connectingrod i's'forlned with an annular? channel 28 whieh' receives loosely a ce n1 29{f aste1 1ed to a wrist 30 and Iedapted'ito enggige the lower end, of the valve rod. 26,; Qjt willithu's'beseenthet the valve 22 is'yield'ingly seetedj is ce'p'ablecf opening automatically upofl'superiOr pressure in the crank 'chan1ber,end i sp'eriodicelly opened rnechanically by the czir'n' 29 striking the valvercd 26,-1ifting thesarne, and open fluid tight in said extension.

ing the valve 22 through its stem This is located near the top center or inward-most position of the piston, so that it is uncovered only when the piston is at or near the top center position. Upon the downward stroke of the piston air is compressed-in. the crank case, after the port 31 is closed and when pressure is relieved in the working cylinder the valve 22 is automatically 0 ened, permitting this air to flow into t 1e workin cylinder to scavenge it. Upon theupward movement of the piston the air in the crank case is rarefied,until the port 31 is uncovered, and during the inwardstroke the valve 22 is mechanically opened through the action of the cam 29 and its a purtenant arts, thus permitting such pro nets of com ustion as may yet reside in the working cylinder to flow into the crank case. A

The working cylinder 10 is provided with an admission port 32 and'with an exhaustport 33. The port 32 communicates with the com ression space of the working cylin-' der, whi e the port 33 is at the outer or bottom center position of the piston so that it is uncovered only when the end of the working stroke is reached. The port 32 communicates with a cylindric extension 34, and said ort is commanded by a valve 35 which opens mto the working cylinder. The stem 36 of this valve rojects into the cylindric extension 34 an carries a piston 37 which is fitted By this means the admission valve 35 is balanced against any pressuretending to move it into open position." The lower end of the stem 36 is engaged bya valveoperating rod 38 which asses down into the crank case, and has its ower end engaged by a lever 39. This-lever is fulcrumed on an eccentric-pin 40, said pin being mounted in the crank case and having a portion extending to the outside thereof, to permit turning the pin, thus adjusting the position of the fulcrum of tlielever 39 and consequently adjusting the movement which is imparted to the valve rod 38 through said lever. At itsfree end the lever 39 is engaged by a cam 41 which is formed on the periphery of one of the crank disks 17 so as periodically tolift the lever and throw the rod 38 and stem 36 to open the valve35. By means of the adjustable eccentric in 40, the time during which the valve is he (i open and consequently the volume of the working charge may be regulated.

Communicatingwith the upper end of the compressor c linder 11 is a c iambered extension 42 w ich has an air admission port 43 therein. This port is commanded by an inwardly opening valve 44, thestem 45 of which asses through a cage'46 projecting from t re ed in a cylindric extension 48 of the cage 46'. At its lower extremity the stem 45- carries a stop nut 49, and engaged between said nut and the piston 47 is a spring 50 which tends yieldingly to seat the valve 44. Said chembered extension 42 has. a-discharge port 51 therein, and this ort is commanded by a ext 43, and I extends loosely through a piston 47. This piston is mountcheck valve 52 which opens against pressure in+the chambered extension 4251 1. Said valve 52 permits thedischarge from the chamber 42 into a chamber 53. Passing from the chamber 53 to the cylindrie extension .48 of the cage 46 is a pressure duct 54, and

passa 'e or duct is commanded by aspring seate valve 55. The spring of the valve 55 is intended to hold said valve seated-against the pro-determined pressure of the chamber;

53. When this pro-determined pressure is exceeded, the valve 55 opens and said-pres j sure passes through the duct 54 into the cylinder 48 to move thepi'ston'47 downward,

thus increasin the tension of the sprin 50.

By means of t e nuts 49 the tension 0 the I spring 50 may be increased so as torestrict I e opening of the valve 44, or itfmay'imcrease until said valveis held closed at all times. This diminishes or'cuts off, as the case may be, the air admitted to the com pressor cylinder, 'and thus automatically regulates the compression therein. When the pressure in the chamber 53 falls, the pis ton 47 moves back and relaxes its pressure on the spring 50. Leading from the chamber 53 is a passage 56 which extends toa cooler 57 through which water or other cooling medium is circulated. From the cooler 57 a duct 58 leads to the tubular extension 34 communicating with the interior thereof between the valve 35 and piston 37.

59 indicates an igniting device. of any'desired sort, and 60 indicates a relief cock which may, if desired, be placed in the head of the working cylinder. the piston working in the part 11 of the cylinder, and coacting with the valves 44. and

52, serves, therefore, to compress atmospherie air into the cooler 57 andducts 55 and 58, this air being retained and constantly j The portion 15 of cooled until needed to form part of the comthe parts to the working cylinder to scavenge it.

port 23 is uncovered and the pressure in the working cylinder falls to atmospheric. The valve 22 then automatically opens, and the compressed air in the crank case blows 1i)nt u in this working stroke of the piston the va ve 44 will be opened and'a .charge of atmospheric air drawn-into the compressor cylinder 11. Upon the following in-stroke of the piston the air in the cylinder 11 will be compressed into the storage chamber provided b the.elements 56, 57 and 58. At this time the inward movement of the .piston rarcilcs the air in the crank case and the cam 29 will then act to 0 en the valve 22 per-mitting such products 0 combustion as may yet reside in the workingcylinder to flow into the crank case. At or approximately at the middle of the in-stroke the valve 22 is closed, and at' this time the admission valve is opened and the air under pressure in the elements 56, 57 and 58 enters the working cylinder, this pair-carrying with it a proper proportionv of the combustible which is introduced intothe air on its way to the admission port.

In the case of a hydrocarbon oil engine, the oil maybe supplied, for example, throu h a nozzle in 'the pipe 58 so that it viill e picked up by the air and vaporized, and in stantly thereafter admitted to the cylinder.

In this connection it will be observed that sures in the working cylinder.

the working charge enters the working cylinder under and by reason of its pressure,'and that this action is to some extent assisted by the rarefied condition of the air in the workingcylinder during the period instantly folloning the closure of the valve 22 and the opening of the valve 35. After this, the remainder of the iii-stroke of the piston is employed to compress the charge, and at or near the top center the charge is i nited and burned in the .usual manner. T fie cycle of o erations and relative pressures are well illiistrated in the theoretical diagram given in Fig. 2.- This diagram represents the res- It wil be seen that starting at the atmos here line on them-stroke the pressure falls elow the atmosphere, while the valve 22 is opened When this valve closes and the valve 35 is opened the compressed charge is admitted into' the viorking cylinder causing the pressure to rise above the atmosphere, and when the valve 85 is closed compression begins until the top center is reached. At the ignition point the pressure rises rapidly and ill expand during the whole of the working stroke of the engine. ."Ii', ill be observed that in this manner expansion of the burning gases may be carried as near to atmosphere pressure as may be deemed expedient, since the -.omp'r ession of the charge occurs during only a partol the il'l-SllTOkfi, and. expansion by to automatically throughout tne whole of the out-stroke. By properly proportioning the area of the compression space any desired initial pressure may be secured.

Having thus described the preferred form of my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A compressor having an inlet valve, a conduit for the delivery of compressed fluid, an exhaust valve controlling said conduit, a coil spring for normally holding the inlet valve in its closed position, and a movable member having one surface thereof subjected to the pressure of the gas in said delivery conduit beyond said exhaust valve and for increasing the tension of the spring and increasing the resistance to the opening of the inlet valve as the'pressure ithin said delivery conduit increases.

2. A compressor, an admission valve therefor, a, cylindrical chamber, a piston within 8: said chamber, a valve stem carried by said valve and extending through said chamber, resilient means connecting said piston and said valve stem, and means having a assage therein communicating to said cham er the pressure developed by the compressor, whereby to automatically govern the admission valve. 1 3. A compressor, an admission valve therefor, a cylindrical chamber, a piston within said chamber, a valve stem carried by said valve and extending through said chamber, 1 resilient means connectin said piston and said valve stem, means having a assag'e,

therein communicating to said cham er the pressure developed by the compressor,where overn the admission valve, and a yielding y seated valve normally closing said passa e andopening upon the attainment of a predetermined pressure.

4. A compressor provided with an inlet port, a valve for controlling said port, a cylindrical chamber, a piston movably mounted therein and resiliently connected to said valve, means having a passage therein to communicate to said chamber the pressure developed by the compressor, whereby the resistance to the opening of said valve is increased upon an increase of pressure beyond a predetermined limit, and 'a sprin -pressed yalve within said passage for contro ling said unit.

5. A compressor rovided'witha single passage communicating therewith, said passage beingprovided with inlet and exhaust ports, valve controlling said orts, a cylindrical chamber ad'acent saii inlet port, a piston within sai chamber and slidably mounted upon the valve stem of the inlet valve, a coil spring surrounding said valve stem. and in engagement with said piston, whereby the spring offers a resistance to the opening of said valve, means forming a pasmovement of sziid piston the resistance to the sage delivering the pressure created by the l In testimony whereof I have signed my compressor to said piston, whereby upon the l naine'to this specification in the presence Jot 10 two subscribing witnesses. V opening: oi" said valve 1S increased, and a! HARRYWVALTER. ADAMS. spring-pressed valve normally closing said I v passage and preventing the application of l \Vi t n esses pressure to said piston until a predetermined SIGURD LARSEN,

W. J. PRICE.

limit. has been reached. 

